MS DOS Command: DOSKEY.COM

Reference from Microsoft MS-DOS cmd help

Description

Loads the Doskey program into memory. The Doskey program recalls MS-DOS commands and enables you to edit command lines and create and run macros.

Doskey is a memory-resident program. When installed, Doskey occupies about 3 kilobytes of resident memory.

Syntax

DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/BUFSIZE=size] [/MACROS] [/HISTORY][/INSERT|/OVERSTRIKE] [macroname=[text]]

To start the Doskey program and use the default settings, use the following syntax:

DOSKEY

Parameters

macroname=[text]	Creates a macro that carries out one or more MS-DOS commands (a Doskey macro). Macroname specifies the name you want to assign to the macro. Text specifies the commands you want to record.
/REINSTALL	Installs a new copy of the Doskey program, even if one is already installed. In the latter case, the /REINSTALL switch also clears the buffer.
/BUFSIZE=size	Specifies the size of the buffer in which Doskey stores commands and Doskey macros. The default size is 512 bytes. The minimum buffer size is 256 bytes.
/MACROS	Displays a list of all Doskey macros. You can use a redirection symbol (>) with the /MACROS switch to redirect the list to a file. You can abbreviate the /MACROS switch as /M.
/HISTORY	Displays a list of all commands stored in memory. You can use a redirection symbol (>) with the /HISTORY switch to redirect the list to a file. You can abbreviate the /HISTORY switch as /H.
/INSERT|/OVERSTRIKE	Specifies whether new text you type is to replace old text. If you use the /INSERT switch, new text that you type on a line is inserted into old text (as if you had pressed the INSERT key). If you use the /OVERSTRIKE switch, new text replaces old text. The default setting is /OVERSTRIKE.

Remarks

Recalling a command

To recall a command, you can use any of the following keys after loading Doskey into memory:

UP ARROW	Recalls the MS-DOS command you used before the one displayed.
DOWN ARROW	Recalls the MS-DOS command you used after the one displayed.
PAGE UP	Recalls the oldest MS-DOS command you used in the current session.
PAGE DOWN	Recalls the most recent MS-DOS command you used.

Editing the command line

With the Doskey program, you can edit the current command line. The following list describes the Doskey editing keys and their functions:

LEFT ARROW	Moves the cursor back one character.
RIGHT ARROW	Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW	Moves the cursor back one word.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW	Moves the cursor forward one word.
HOME	Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
END	Moves the cursor to the end of the line.
ESC	Clears the command from the display.
F1	Copies one character from the template to the MS-DOS command line. (The template is a memory buffer that holds the last command you typed.)
F2	Searches forward in the template for the next key you type after pressing F2. Doskey inserts the text from the template up to but not including the character you specify.
F3	Copies the remainder of the template to the command line. Doskey begins copying characters from the position in the template that corresponds to the position indicated by the cursor on the command line.
F4	Deletes characters, beginning with the current character position, up to a character you specify. To use this editing key, press F4 and type a character. Doskey deletes up to, but not including, that character.
F5	Copies the current command into the template and clears the command line.
F6	Places an end-of-file character (CTRL+Z) at the current position on the command line.
F7	Displays all commands stored in memory, with their associated numbers. Doskey assigns these numbers sequentially, beginning with 1 for the first (oldest) command stored in memory.
ALT+F7	Deletes all commands stored in memory.
F8	Searches memory for a command that you want Doskey to display. To use this editing key, type the first character, or the first few characters, of the command you want Doskey to search for and then press F8. Doskey displays the most recent command that begins with the text you typed. Press F8 repeatedly to cycle through all the commands that start with the characters you specified.
F9	Prompts you for a command number and displays the command associated with the number you specify. To display all the numbers and their associated commands, press F7.
ALT+F10	Deletes all macro definitions.

Specifying a default insert mode

If you press the INSERT key, you can type text on the Doskey command line in the middle of old text without replacing the old text. However, once you press ENTER, Doskey returns your keyboard to replace mode. You must press INSERT again to return to insert mode.

The /INSERT switch puts your keyboard in insert mode each time you press ENTER. Your keyboard effectively remains in insert mode until you use the /OVERSTRIKE switch. You can temporarily return to replace mode by pressing the INSERT key; but once you press ENTER, Doskey returns your keyboard to insert mode.

The cursor changes shape when you use the INSERT key to change from one mode to the other.

Creating a macro

You can use the Doskey program to create macros that carry out one or more MS-DOS commands.

You can use the following special characters to control command operations when defining a macro:

$G or $g	Redirects output. Use either of these special characters to send output to a device or a file instead of to the screen. This character is equivalent to the redirection symbol for output (>).
$G$G or $g$g	Appends output to the end of a file. Use either of these special double characters to append output to an existing file rather than replace the data in the file. These double characters are equivalent to the "append" redirection symbol for output (>>).
$L or $l	Redirects input. Use either of these special characters to read input from a device or a file instead of from the keyboard. This character is equivalent to the redirection symbol for input (<).
$B or $b	Sends macro output to a command. Using one of these special characters is equivalent to using the pipe (|) on a command line.
$T or $t	Separates commands. Use either of these special characters to separate commands when you are creating macros or typing commands on the Doskey command line.
$$	Specifies the dollar-sign character ($).
$1 through $9	Represents any command-line information you want to specify when you run the macro. The special characters $1 through $9 are batch parameters, which make it possible for you to use different data on the command line each time you run the macro. The $1 character in a DOSKEY command is similar to the %1 character in a batch program.
$*	Represents all the command-line information you want to specify when you type the macro name. The special character $* is a replaceable parameter that is similar to the batch parameters $1 through $9, with one important difference. Here, everything you type on the command line after the macro name is substituted for the $* in the macro.

For example, to create a macro that performs a quick and unconditional format of a disk, type the following command:

doskey qf=format $1 /q /u

For information about quick and unconditional formatting, see the FORMAT command.

You can use the DOSKEY command in a batch program to create a macro.

Running a macro

To run a macro, type the macro name starting at the first position on the command line. If the macro was defined with $* or any of the batch parameters $1 through $9, use a space to separate parameters.

You could run the QF macro created in the previous example to format a disk in drive A quickly and unconditionally. To do so, you would type the following command:

qf a:

You cannot run a macro from a batch program.

Creating a macro with the same name as an MS-DOS command

You might want to create a macro that has the same name as an MS-DOS command. This can be useful, for example, if you always use a certain command with specific switches. To specify whether you want to run the macro or the MS-DOS command, follow these guidelines:

• To run the macro, begin typing the macro name immediately after the command prompt, with no space between the prompt and the command name.
• To carry out the command, insert one or more spaces between the command prompt and the command name.

Deleting a macro

To delete a macro, type the following command:

doskey macroname=

Examples

The /MACROS and /HISTORY switches are useful for creating batch programs to save macros and commands. For example, to create a batch program named MACINIT.BAT that includes all Doskey macros, type the following command:

doskey /macros > macinit.bat

To use the MACINIT.BAT file, edit it to include the DOSKEY command at the beginning of each macro line.

To create a batch program named TMP.BAT that contains recently used commands, type the following command:

doskey /history > tmp.bat

To define a macro with multiple commands, use $T to separate commands, as follows:

doskey tx=cd\temp$tdir/w $*

In the preceding example, the TX macro changes the current directory to TEMP and then displays a directory listing, using the wide display format. You can use $* at the end of the macro to append other switches to the DIR command when you run TX.

The following macro uses a batch parameter for a new directory name. The macro first creates a new directory and then changes to it from the current directory.

doskey mc=md $1$tcd $1

To use the preceding macro to create and change to a directory named BOOKS, type the following:

mc books

To create a macro that uses batch parameters for moving a file or group of files, type the following command:

doskey mv=copy $1 $2 $t del $1

To create a macro that causes the MEM command to pause after each screen, type the following command:

doskey mem=mem $* /p

MS DOS Command: DOS

Reference from Microsoft MS-DOS cmd help

Description

Specifies that MS-DOS should maintain a link to the upper memory area, load part of itself into the high memory area (HMA), or both. You can use this command only in your CONFIG.SYS file.

Syntax

DOS=HIGH|LOW[,UMB|,NOUMB]

DOS=[HIGH,|LOW,]UMB|NOUMB

Parameters

UMB|NOUMB	Specifies whether MS-DOS should manage upper memory blocks (UMBs) created by a UMB provider such as EMM386.EXE. The UMB parameter specifies that MS-DOS should manage UMBs, if they exist. The NOUMB parameter specifies that MS-DOS should not manage UMBs. The default setting is NOUMB.
HIGH|LOW	Specifies whether MS-DOS should attempt to load a part of itself into the HMA (HIGH) or keep all of MS-DOS in conventional memory (LOW). The default setting is LOW.

Related Commands

For information about loading a device driver into the upper memory area, see the DEVICEHIGH command.

For information about loading a program into the upper memory area, see the LOADHIGH command.

Remarks

Must install HIMEM.SYS for DOS=UMB or DOS=HIGH

You must install the HIMEM.SYS device driver or another extended memory manager before you specify either DOS=UMB or DOS=HIGH.

Using the UMB parameter

You must specify the DOS=UMB command in order to load programs and device drivers into the upper memory area. Using the upper memory area frees more space in conventional memory for programs. In addition to using this command, you must install an upper-memory-block (UMB) provider. If your computer has an 80386 or 80486 processor, you can use EMM386.EXE for your UMB provider.

If you specify DOS=UMB and no UMB provider is installed, MS-DOS will not display an error message.

Using the HIGH parameter

If you specify the HIGH parameter, MS-DOS attempts to load part of itself into the HMA. Loading part of MS-DOS into the HMA frees conventional memory for programs. If you specify DOS=HIGH and MS-DOS is unable to use the HMA, the following message will appear:

HMA not available

Loading DOS low

Combining parameters

You can include more than one parameter on a single DOS command line, using commas to separate them. For example, the following command lines are valid:

dos=umb,low

dos=high,umb

You can place the DOS command anywhere in your CONFIG.SYS file.

MS DOS Command: DISPLAY.SYS

Reference from Microsoft MS-DOS cmd help

Description

Enables you to display international character sets on EGA, VGA, and LCD monitors. This device driver must be loaded by a DEVICE or DEVICEHIGH command in your CONFIG.SYS file.

For an introduction to preparing your screen and keyboard for character sets, see the chapter "Customizing for International Use" in the MS-DOS User's Guide.

Syntax

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,n]])

DEVICE=[drive:][path]DISPLAY.SYS CON[:]=(type[,[hwcp][,(n,m)]])

Parameters

[drive:][path]	Specifies the location of the DISPLAY.SYS file.
type	Specifies the display adapter in use. Valid values include EGA and LCD. The EGA value supports both EGA and VGA display adapters. If you omit the type parameter, DISPLAY.SYS checks the hardware to determine which display adapter is in use. You can also specify CGA and MONO as values for type, but they have no effect because character set switching is not enabled for these devices.
hwcp	Specifies the number of the character set that your hardware supports. The following list shows the character sets that MS-DOS supports and the country or language for each: 437 United States 850 Multilingual (Latin I) 852 Slavic (Latin II) 860 Portuguese 863 Canadian-French 865 Nordic Additional character sets are supported by the EGA2.CPI and EGA3.CPI files. For more information, see the COUNTRY.TXT file (located in the directory that contains your MS-DOS files). For more information about using character sets, see the appendix "Keyboard Layouts and Character Sets" in the MS-DOS User's Guide.
n	Specifies the number of character sets the hardware can support in addition to the primary character set specified for the hwcp parameter. Valid values for n are in the range 0 through 6. This value depends on your hardware. For EGA display adapters, the maximum value for n is 6; for LCD display adapters, the maximum value for n is 1.
m	Specifies the number of subfonts the hardware supports for each code page. The default value is 2 if type is EGA, and 1 if type is LCD.

Remarks

Using DISPLAY.SYS with monochrome or CGA display adapters

Because monochrome and CGA display adapters do not support character set switching, using DISPLAY.SYS with either type of adapter has no effect.

Installing a third-party console driver

If you install both DISPLAY.SYS and a third-party console driver, such as VT52.SYS, the third-party device driver must be installed first. Otherwise, the third-party device driver may disable DISPLAY.SYS.

Examples

Suppose you want DISPLAY.SYS to support an EGA display adapter with the United States hardware character set (437) and the potential for two additional MS-DOS character sets. To do this and to specify that DISPLAY.SYS is in the DOS directory on drive C, add the following line to your CONFIG.SYS file:

device=c:\dos\display.sys con=(ega,437,2)